%--*- latex -*-----------------------------------------------------------------
%$Author: saulius $
%$Date: 2020-06-04 14:58:32 +0300 (Thu, 04 Jun 2020) $ 
%$Revision: 1524 $
%$URL: svn+ssh://saulius-grazulis.lt/home/saulius/svn-repositories/seminarai/2020-verifikacjos-seminarui/slides.tex $
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/452151/how-do-i-render-the-word-v%C7%ABlundarkvi%C3%B0a-with-bookman-and-xelatex
% "Use an OpenType clone of Bookman, for instance TeX Gyre Bonum":
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\newcommand{\RCSid}[1]{\fontsize{7pt}{7pt}\selectfont $#1$ \today}


%%BEGIN LANGUAGE en
\title{Decoders, Busses, Memory}
%%END LANGUAGE en


\author{Saulius Gražulis}

\date{Vilnius, 2020}

\begin{document}

%------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\begin{frame}
    \titlepage

\input{affiliation}
    
    \begin{center}
      \mbox{}
      \hfill\hfill\hfill
      \includegraphics[height=1.5cm]{images/sp_VU_zenklas.eps}
      \hfill
      \includegraphics[height=1.5cm]{images/2019-05-02_Melynas_MIF-zenklas242x244.png}
      \hfill\hfill\hfill
      \mbox{}
    \end{center}

    \vfill

    %% \tiny
    %% \RCSid{
    %%   $Id: slides.tex 1524 2020-06-04 11:58:32Z saulius $
    %% }
    \begin{flushright}
      \begin{minipage}[c]{0.67\textwidth}
        \tiny\raggedright
        %%BEGIN LANGUAGE en
        This set of slides may be copied and used as specified in the
        %%END LANGUAGE en
        \myhref{http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/}{Attribution-ShareAlike
          4.0 International}
license
      \end{minipage}
      %%
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        \myhref{http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/}{
          \includegraphics[width=1.5cm]{images/CC-BY-SA.eps}
        }
      \end{minipage}
    \end{flushright}

\end{frame}

%==============================================================================

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Decoders}

  \begin{center}
    \parbox[c]{0.45\textwidth}{
      \visible<1-3>{
        \includegraphics[height=5cm]{drawings/decoders/1-of-4-decoder-select-2.png}
      }
    }
    \visible<2-3>{
      \parbox[c]{0.45\textwidth}{
        \includegraphics<1-2>[height=3cm]{drawings/decoders/logisim-1-out-of-4-symbol.png}
        \includegraphics<1-2>[height=3cm]{drawings/decoders/logisim-ITA-1-out-of-4-symbol.png}
        \includegraphics<3>[height=4cm]{drawings/decoders/logisim-ITA-1-out-of-8-symbol.png}
      }
    }
  \end{center}  
  
\end{frame}

%------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Multiplexers}

  \begin{center}
    \parbox[c]{0.55\textwidth}{
      \includegraphics[height=4cm]{drawings/multiplexers/multiplexer-from-gates.png}
    }
    \visible<2>{
      \parbox[c]{0.35\textwidth}{
        \includegraphics[height=3.5cm]{drawings/multiplexers/logisim-ITA-multiplexer-select-2.png}
      }
    }
  \end{center}  
  
\end{frame}

%------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Demultiplexers}

  \begin{center}
    \parbox[c]{0.50\textwidth}{
      \includegraphics[height=4cm]{drawings/multiplexers/demultiplexer-from-gates.png}
    }
    \visible<2>{
      \parbox[c]{0.35\textwidth}{
        \includegraphics[height=3cm]{drawings/multiplexers/logisim-ITA-demultiplexer-select-3.png}
      }
    }
  \end{center}  
  
\end{frame}

%------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\newlength{\imgheight}
  
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Encoder}

  \setlength{\imgheight}{1.8cm}

  \only<1>{
    \begin{center}
      \includegraphics[height=\imgheight]{drawings/encoders/encoder-from-gates.png}
    \end{center}
  }
  \only<2>{
    \begin{center}
      \includegraphics[height=\imgheight]{drawings/encoders/encoder-from-gates-01.png}
    \end{center}
  }
  \only<3>{
    \begin{center}
      \includegraphics[height=\imgheight]{drawings/encoders/encoder-from-gates-10.png}
    \end{center}
  }
  \only<4-5>{
    \begin{center}
      \includegraphics[height=\imgheight]{drawings/encoders/encoder-from-gates-11.png}
    \end{center}
  }
  \only<5>{
    \begin{center}
      \includegraphics[height=\imgheight]{drawings/encoders/encoder-from-gates-problematic.png}
    \end{center}
  }
  
\end{frame}

%------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Priority encoder}

  \setlength{\imgheight}{1.8cm}

  \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[height=\imgheight]{drawings/encoders/encoder-from-gates-11.png}
  \end{center}

  \only<1>{
    \begin{center}
      \includegraphics[height=\imgheight]{drawings/encoders/priority-encoder-from-gates-01.png}
    \end{center}
  }
  \only<2>{
    \begin{center}
      \includegraphics[height=\imgheight]{drawings/encoders/priority-encoder-from-gates-01-010.png}
    \end{center}
  }
  \only<3>{
    \begin{center}
      \includegraphics[height=\imgheight]{drawings/encoders/priority-encoder-from-gates-11.png}
    \end{center}
  }

\end{frame}

%------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Priority encoder}

  \setlength{\imgheight}{5cm}

  \begin{center}
    \parbox[c]{0.5\textwidth}{
      \includegraphics<1>[height=\imgheight]{drawings/encoders/priority-encoder-3bit-from-gates.png}
      \includegraphics<2-3>[height=\imgheight]{drawings/encoders/priority-encoder-3bit-from-gates-101.png}
    }
    \visible<3>{
      \parbox[c]{0.35\textwidth}{
        \includegraphics[height=2cm]{drawings/encoders/logisim-ITA-priority-encoder.png}
      }
    }
  \end{center}

\end{frame}

%------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{3-state output}

  \setlength{\imgheight}{3cm}

  \only<1>{
    \begin{center}
      \includegraphics[height=\imgheight]{drawings/3-state-bus/3-state-bus-from-gates-Z.png}
    \end{center}
  }
  \only<2>{
    \begin{center}
      \includegraphics[height=\imgheight]{drawings/3-state-bus/3-state-bus-from-gates-1.png}
    \end{center}
  }
  \only<3-4>{
    \begin{center}
      \includegraphics[height=\imgheight]{drawings/3-state-bus/3-state-bus-from-gates-0.png}
    \end{center}
  }
  \only<5>{
    \begin{center}
      \includegraphics[height=7cm]{drawings/3-state-bus/3-state-bus-devices.png}
    \end{center}
  }
  \only<6>{
    \begin{center}
      \includegraphics[height=7cm]{drawings/3-state-bus/3-state-bus-devices-lower-drives.png}
    \end{center}
  }
  \only<7>{
    \begin{center}
      \includegraphics[height=7cm]{drawings/3-state-bus/3-state-bus-devices-upper-drives.png}
    \end{center}
  }

  \only<4>{
    \begin{center}
      \includegraphics[height=1cm]{drawings/3-state-bus/logisim-3-state-driver-X.png}
      \hspace{1ex}
      \includegraphics[height=1cm]{drawings/3-state-bus/logisim-3-state-driver-1.png}
    \end{center}
  }

\end{frame}

%------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Static RAM}

  \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[height=7cm]{drawings/RAM/static-RAM-from-D-triggers-4x4.png}
  \end{center}
  
\end{frame}

%------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Dynamic RAM}

  \begin{center}
    \parbox[b]{0.45\textwidth}{
      \includegraphics[height=7.5cm]{images/Square_array_of_mosfet_cells_read.png}
    }
    \parbox[b]{0.53\textwidth}{
      \small
      \begin{itemize}
      \item
        %%BEGIN LANGUAGE en
        Capacitors used instead of triggers to reduce size;
        %%END LANGUAGE en
        
      \item
        %%BEGIN LANGUAGE en
        Small capacitors discharge rapidly!
        %%END LANGUAGE en
        
      \item
        %%BEGIN LANGUAGE en
        $\Rightarrow$ memory needs to be refreshed (i.e. each row accessed)
        at least once each 64ms.
        %%END LANGUAGE en
        
      \end{itemize}

      \vspace{4\baselineskip}
      \tiny
      \raggedright
      Glogger at
      \myhref{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Square_array_of_mosfet_cells_read.png}{English
        Wikipedia}\\
      \myhref{http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/}{CC
        BY-SA} }
  \end{center}
  
\end{frame}

%------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{ROM}

  \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[width=10cm]{drawings/ROM/ROM-from-gates-A10.png}
  \end{center}
  
\end{frame}

%------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Core memory}

  \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[width=2cm]{images/core-memory/Single_coincident-current_magnetic_core.eps}
  \end{center}

  \begin{center}
    \begin{minipage}{10.5cm}
      \begin{tabbing}
        \parbox[c]{5cm}{
          \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{images/core-memory/Coincident-current_magnetic_core.eps}
        }
        \hspace{2ex}
        \=
        \parbox[c]{5cm}{
          \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{images/core-memory/KL_Kernspeicher_Makro_1.jpg}
        }
        \\
        \parbox[c]{4cm}{
          \raggedright
          \tiny
Both core drawings:
          By Tetromino -
          \myhref{https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7156377}{
Own work,
          } CC BY 3.0
        } \>
        \parbox[c]{4cm}{
          \raggedright
          \tiny
          Konstantin Lanzet / \myhref{http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/}{CC BY-SA}
        }
      \end{tabbing}
    \end{minipage}
  \end{center}
  
\end{frame}

%------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Skylab computer}

  \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[height=3cm]{images/Skylab.jpg}
    \rightline{
      \tiny
      Wikipedia:
      \myhref{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Skylab_(SL-4).jpg}{Skylab}. Image
      by NASA, public domain.
    }
  \end{center}

  \begin{quotation}
    On March 11, the ATMDC powered up for 5 minutes to obtain telemetry
    confirmation that it was still functioning. The software resumed the
    program cycle where it had left off 4 years and 30 days earlier.
  \end{quotation}
  \rightline{\footnotesize\mywebref{https://history.nasa.gov/computers/Ch3-5.html}}

\end{frame}

%------------------------------------------------------------------------------

% NB: Mūro ir Mylio pavardžių vertimas į lietuvių kalbą – pagal
% Kirvaitis2013 vadovėlį (S.G. 2020-09-22).

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Finite automata: Moore and Mealy machines}

  \begin{center}
    
    \only<1,3>{
Moore automaton:
      %%LANGUATE ru Автомат Мура (E. F. Moore):

      \vspace{\baselineskip}
      \includegraphics[width=6cm]{drawings/automata/Moore-machine.eps}
    }

    \only<3>{
      \vspace{\baselineskip}
    }

    \only<2,3>{
Mealy automaton:
      %%LANGUATE ru Автомат Мили (G. H. Mealy):

      \vspace{\baselineskip}
      \includegraphics[width=6cm]{drawings/automata/Mealy-machine.eps}
    }
  \end{center}

\end{frame}
  
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Integrator: an abstract scheme}

  \begin{center}
    
Integrator:
    %%LANGUATE ru Интегратор:

    \vspace{\baselineskip}
    \includegraphics[width=5cm]{drawings/sequential/integrator-abstract.eps}

    \only<2-3>{
      \vspace{\baselineskip}
    }

    \only<2>{
Mealy automaton:
      %%LANGUATE ru Автомат Мили (Mealy):

      \vspace{\baselineskip}
      \includegraphics[width=4cm]{drawings/automata/Mealy-machine.eps}
    }
    \only<3>{
      \includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{drawings/integrator/adder-automaton.png}
    }
  \end{center}

\end{frame}
  
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Example: integrator}

  \only<1>{
    \begin{center}
      \includegraphics[height=6cm]{drawings/sequential/integrator.png}
    \end{center}
  }
  \only<2-3>{
    \begin{tabular}{c|c}
      \visible<3>{
        \begin{minipage}[c]{0.3\textwidth}
          \begin{center}
            \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/Op-Amp_Integrating_Amplifier.eps}
          \end{center}
        \end{minipage}
      }
      &
      \begin{minipage}[c]{0.4\textwidth}
        \includegraphics[width=1.3\textwidth]{drawings/sequential/integrator.png}
      \end{minipage}
      \\
      \visible<3>{
        \begin{minipage}[c]{0.4\textwidth}
          \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/TI-integrator/sin-wave.png}
        \end{minipage}
      }
      &
      \begin{minipage}[c]{0.4\textwidth}
        \raisebox{4.5cm}{
          \includegraphics[width=0.75\textwidth,angle=270]{images/sin-integrator-result.eps}
        }
      \end{minipage}
    \end{tabular}
  }
  \only<4>{
    \begin{center}
      \parbox[c]{3cm}{
        \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{images/Op-Amp_Integrating_Amplifier.eps}

        \vspace{\baselineskip}
        \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{images/Harmonic_analyser_disc_and_sphere.jpg}
      }
      \hspace{1em}
      \parbox[c]{8cm}{
        \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{drawings/sequential/integrator.png}
      }
    \end{center}
  }
  
\end{frame}

%------------------------------------------------------------------------------

%% \begin{frame}%%[allowframebreaks]
%%   %%LANGUAGE en \frametitle{References}
%%   %%LANGUAGE lt \frametitle{Šaltiniai}
%%   %%LANGUAGE ru \frametitle{Источники}
%% 
%%   %%\scriptsize
%%   %%\bibliographystyle{plain}                                                                                                                                                           
%%   %%\bibliographystyle{apalike}
%%   %%\bibliography{bibliography/citations}
%%   \renewcommand{\bibfont}{\scriptsize}
%%   \printbibliography
%% 
%% \end{frame}

%------------------------------------------------------------------------------                                                                                                          
\end{document}
% 2020-10-11 20:23:27 EEST
